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Background Choroidal melanoma (CM)is the most common primary intraocular tumor,and brachytherapy is one of the most common therapeutic modality in the treatment of the tumor.However,this irradiation approach has not been evaluated in China. Objective The present study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of domestic 125I plaque irradiation in the treatment of CM. Methods Forty New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized into 5 groups with 8 rabbits 8 eyes (right eyes) in each group.CM models were established in 16 of 40 New Zealand albino rabbits by implanting the rat B16F10 melanoma cell fragments into the suprachoroidal space of right eyes.After 3 weeks,domestic 125I plaque was fixed at the location of CM in the irradiation group 1,and 8 rabbits with CM served as model control group.The clinical effectiveness of 125I plaque for CM was evaluated based on the fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy,B scan ultrasonography,fundus photographs and color Dopplerimaging.Regarding the safety study,domestic 125I plaque was fixed on the normal right cycs of normal rabbits,while the plaques without 125I seeds were used as the sham group.No intervene was performed in the rabbits of blank group.The number of CD4+,CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry before plaques implanted and on 3,7,15 and 30 days after the plaque was removed.The animals were sacrificed and the eyes were obtained for histology examination.The use of the experimental animals complied with Statement of ARVO. Results After implantation of B16F10 melanoma cell fragments,CM grew steadily and rapidly with the similar size between irradiation group 1 and model control group ( P =0.550).One week after administration of the treatment,tumor size was(0.31±0.07 )cm in irradiation group 1 and (0.85±0.18 )em in the model control group,with the significant difference between them( P=0.001 ).Two week after application of 125I plaque,the size of tumor was smaller than that before irradiation (P=0.007 ).Histologically,the tumors were mostly limited beneath the pigment epithelial layer with less neovascularization,fibrosis in the tumor was found in some area in the irradiation group when compared with model control group.No significant differences were found in the proportions of CD4+,CD8+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ at different time points in the irradiation groups of normal eyes and sham group (Fgroup =0.770,8.110,2.230; P=0.380,0.060,0.140; Ftime =0.770,3.220,4.230; P =0.550,0.170,0.004 ).Chronic inflammatory cells infiltration cornea,subconjunctival epithelial and selera surface,but sclera had no necrosis and organization.Conclusions These results suggest that domestic 125I plaque irradiation is effective for the treatment of CM,and has limited side effects on normal rabbits.
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BackgroundBiological behavior of choroidal melanoma is closely related with angiogenesis.The microcirculation pattern in which tumor cells may be involved is different from neovascularization.ObjectiveThis study was to observe the microcirculation pattern of the choroidal melanoma tissue and analyze its relationship with the clinical pathology factor and the degree of cellular proliferation.Methods Forty-eight specimen of choroidal melanoma tissue were collected at Beijing Tongren Eye Centre from November 1997 through March 2006.Periodate acid Schiff staining was used to determine the microcirculation pattern of choroidal melanoma.The morphology of the tumor cells and the distribution of microcirculation pattern in the tumor were observed under a fluorescence microscopy with 544 nm wavelength,and the Ki-67 expression in the tumor was detected by immunochemistry.The relationships between the choroidal melanoma clinical pathology factor with Ki-67 expression and microcirculation pattern were evaluated by multiple stepwise regression model.ResultsA total of 9 kinds of microcirculation patterns were found by periodate acid Schiff staining.The occurring rate of loop- or network-like vascular pattern showed a significant elevation in the tumor tissue with epithelial cells in comparison with the tumor with spindle-like cells (66.7％ vs.30.6％ ) ( P=0.027 ).The expression rates of Ki-67 were 18.961 ± 10.995 and 19.481 ± 12.167 in the tumor tissue with loop- or network-like microvascular pattern,and those in the tumor tissue without loop- or network-like microvascular pattern were 10.261 ±5.669 and 12.021 ± 6.802,presenting significant differences between them ( P =0.000,P =0.010).Loop-like microvascular pattern was determined as the risk factor of the proliferation and metastasis of choroidal melanoma by multiple stepwise regression analysis (P=0.002).ConclusionsAmong the nine microcirculation patterns in choroidal melanoma,networks pattern is the most fashion,and Ki-67 expression is more strong in the tumor with epitheliod cells,suggesting that this microcirculation pattern is associated to the malignant degree and extent of proliferation in choroidal melanoma.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In humans telomerase is expressed in most cancers and immortal cell lines, and activation of telomerase may play important roles in tumorigenesis and immortalization. This study was to investigate the roles of telomerase activity (TA) and human telomerase RNA (hTR) in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The telomerase repeated amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to demonstrate telomerase activity in 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to demonstrate the expression of hTR in 55 cases of paraffin-embedded sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, and the results were compared with the proliferative index determined by Mib-1 immuno-labeling, histological patterns and recurrence of the tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Different telomerase activity was shown in the 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. The positive expression of hTR was 85.5% (47/55) in tumor cells, but not in the adjacent tissues. The positive expression of hTR was correlated with the proliferative activity (as assessed by Mib-1 immunolabelling, r = 0.942, P < 0.001) and the differentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid (chi(2) = 17.621, P < 0.001), but not significantly related to tumor recurrence. The level of hTR expression increased with the decrease of differentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that the up-regulation of telomerase expression plays some roles in tarsal gland carcinogenesis, and the expression of hTR is a useful marker for malignant degree of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Eyelid Neoplasms , Pathology , In Situ Hybridization , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , RNA , Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms , Pathology , TelomeraseABSTRACT
Objective To review the clinical and histopathological features,management and outcomes in 67 patients with seba- ceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Design Retrospective case series.Participants Sixty-seven cases of the sebaceous gland carcinoma were retrieved from the ophthalmology archives of Tongren Hospital between 1996 and 2005.Methods Clinical data of all patients were re- viewed from the charts.Pathology specimens were reviewed in all cases.Main Outcome Measure Presenting features,sites of origin, location,differentiation,management,histopathologic findings,and incidence of recurrence in 67 patients.Results A total of 36 female and 31 male patients were identified.The mean age at diagnosis was 59 years (range from 35 to 84).Initial clinical diagnoses elsewhere were sebaceous carcinoma (43.28%),chalazion (25.37%),basal cell carcinoma(7.46%).Initial histopathologic diagnoses were sebaceous carcinoma(79.10%),basal cell carcinoma(5.97%),squamous cell carcinoma(1.49%) and other or not available(4.48%).The initial treat- ment involved excisional techniques with reconstruction in 42 cases,anti-inflammatory in 12 cases,without any treatment in 10 cases. 61.19% cases presented the pagetoid invasion.Local recurrence developed in 58.21% and two died from metastatic sebaceous carcino- ma (8.70%).Regional lymph node excision was performed in 13.04% because of local metastases.Five year survival rate was 94.87%. Conclusions About 1/3 cases had not receive the right treatment at initial diagnosis eyelid.The recurrence rate of patients was still high.